Language Grouping for Flood Stories

by
Copyright © 2002
[Posted: January 17, 2002]

The myths in Flood Stories From Around The World are arranged, within each continent or region, by language family and group, on the assumption that similarities in language are a good indication of similarities in culture. (That assumption is admittedly questionable, but it is better than any other organizing principle I know of.) This page shows the names of the language families and groups which the flood myths come from, as best I can determine. My main sources for determining the language group for each myth are Encyclopaedia Britannica (15th edition, 1984) and the map supplement with "Global Culture", National Geographic 196(2) (Aug. 1999). Several assignments are uncertain. Corrections from actual linguists or anthropologists are welcome.

  • Europe
    • Indo-European
      • Greek
        Greek, Arcadian, Samothrace
      • Romance
        Roman
      • Germanic
        Scandinavian, German
      • Celtic
        Celtic, Welsh
      • Balto-Slavic
        Lithuanian, Transylvanian Gypsy
    • Altaic
      • Turkic
        Turkey
  • Near East
    • Sumerian
      Sumerian
    • Afro-Asiatic
      • Semitic
        Egypt, Babylonian, Assyrian, Chaldean, Hebrew, Islamic
    • Indo-European
      • Indo-Iranian
        Persian, Zoroastrian
  • Africa
    • Nilo-Saharan
      • Saharan
        Cameroon?
      • Chari-Nile
        Masai, Komililo Nandi, Kwaya (Lake Victoria)
    • Niger-Congo
      • Beunu-Congo
        Southwest Tanzania, Pygmy, Ababua, Kikuyu (Kenya), Bakongo (west Zaire), Bachokwe? (southern Zaire), Lower Congo, Basonge, Bena-Lulua (Congo River, southeast Zaire)
      • Kwa
        Yoruba (southwest Nigeria), Efik-Ibibio (Nigeria), Ekoi (Nigeria)
      • Mande
        Mandingo (Ivory Coast)
  • Asia
    • Uralic
      • Ugric
        Vogul
      • Samoyed
        Samoyed (north Siberia)
    • Yeniseian
      Yenisey-Ostyak (north central Siberia), Kamchadale (northeast Siberia)
    • Altaic
      • Turkic
        Altaic (central Asia), Tuvinian (Soyot) (north of Mongolia)
      • Mongolian
        Mongolia, Buryat (eastern Siberia)
      • Tungusic??
        Sagaiye (eastern Siberia)
    • Indo-European
      • Balto-Slavic
        Russian
      • Indo-Iranian
        Hindu, Bhil (central India), Kamar (Raipur District, Central India), Assam
    • Dravidian
      • Southern Dravidian
        Tamil (southern India)
    • Sino-Tibetan
      • Tibeto-Burman
        Lepcha (Sikkim), Tibet, Singpho (Assam), Lushai (Assam), Lisu (northwest Yunnan, China), Lolo (southwestern China), Jino (southern Yunnan, China), Karen? (Burma), Chingpaw (Upper Burma)
      • Sinitic
        China
    • Japanese/Korean
      • Korean
        Korea
    • Austro-Asiatic
      • Munda
        Munda (north-central India), Santal (Bengal), Ho (southwestern Bengal)
      • Mon-Khmer
        Bahnar (Cochin China), Kammu (northern Thailand)
    • Andamanese
      Andaman Islands (Bay of Bengal)
    • Kam-Tai
      • Tai
        Zhuang (China), Sui (southern Guizhou, China), Shan (Burma)
    • Austronesian
      • Formosan
        Tsuwo (Formosa interior), Bunun (Formosa interior), Ami (eastern Taiwan)
      • Malayo-Polynesian: Philippines
        Benua-Jakun (Malay Peninsula), Kelantan (Malay Peninsula), Ifugao (Philippines), Kiangan Ifugao, Atá (Philippines), Mandaya (Philippines), Tinguian (Luzon, Philippines)
      • Malayo-Polynesian: Indonesia
        Batak (Sumatra), Nias (an island west of Sumatra), Engano (another island west of Sumatra), Dusun (British North Borneo), Dyak (Borneo), Ot-Danom (Dutch Borneo), Toradja (central Celebes), Alfoor (between Celebes and New Guinea), Rotti (southwest of Timor), Nage (Flores)
  • Australia
    • Australian
      • unknown
        Arnhem Land (northern Northern Territory)
      • Gunwinyguan
        Maung (Goulburn Islands, Arnhem Land), Gunwinggu (northern Arnhem Land)
      • Murngin
        Gumaidj? (Arnhem Land)
      • Mangerrian
        Manger (Arnhem Land)
      • Nyulnyulan
        Fitzroy River area? (Western Australia)
      • Pama-Nyungan
        Australian, Mount Elliot (coastal Queensland), Western Australia, Andingari (South Australia), Wiranggu (South Australia), Narrinyeri (South Australia), Victoria, Lake Tyres (Victoria), Kurnai (Gippsland, Victoria), southeast Australian
    • Austronesian
      • Malayo-Polynesian
        Maori (New Zealand)
  • Pacific
    • Papuan
      Kabadi (New Guinea), Valman (northern New Guinea), Mamberao River (Irian Jaya), Samo-Kubo (western Papua New Guinea), Papua New Guinea
    • Austronesian
      • Malayo-Polynesian: Micronesia
        Palau Islands (Micronesia), western Carolines
      • Malayo-Polynesian: Melanesia
        New Hebrides, Lifou (one of the Loyalty Islands), Fiji
      • Malayo-Polynesian: Polynesia
        Samoa, Nanumanga (Tuvalu, South Pacific), Mangaia (Cook Islands), Rakaanga (Cook Islands), Raiatea (Leeward Group, French Polynesia), Tahiti, Hawaii
  • North America
    • Eskimo-Aleut
      Innuit, Eskimo (Orowignarak, Alaska), Norton Sound Eskimo, Central Eskimo, Tchiglit Eskimo (Arctic Ocean), Herschel Island Eskimo, Netsilik Eskimo, Greenlander
    • North American Indian
      (Wappo, Chitimacha, and Keresan are isolates)
      • NaDene
        Tlingit (southern Alaska coast), Hareskin (Alaska), Tinneh (Alaska and south), Loucheux (Dindjie) (Alaska), Dogrib and Slave (Tinneh tribes), Kaska (northern inland British Columbia), Thompson Indians (British Columbia), Sarcee (Alberta), Tsetsaut
      • undetermined
        Haida (Queen Charlotte Is., British Columbia), Tsimshian (British Columbia)
      • Wakashan
        Kwakiutl (British Columbia)
      • Salishan
        Kootenay (southeast British Columbia), Squamish (British Columbia), Bella Coola (British Columbia), Lillooet (Green River, British Columbia), Makah (Cape Flattery, Washington), Klallam (northwest Washington), Skokomish (Washington), Skagit (Washington), Quillayute (Washington), Nisqually (Washington), Twana (Puget Sound, Washington), Kathlamet
      • unknown
        Cascade Mountains
      • Penutian
        Spokana/Nez Perce/Cayuse (eastern Washington), Yakima (Washington), Warm Springs (Oregon), Joshua (southern Oregon), Smith River (northern California coast), Wintu (north central California), Maidu (central California), Northern Miwok (central California), Tuleyome Miwok (near Clear Lake, California), Olamentko Miwok (Bodega Bay, California), Ohlone (San Francisco to Monterey, California)
      • Athapaskan
        Kato (Mendocino County, California)
      • Hokan
        Shasta (northern California interior), Pomo (north central California), Salinan (California), Yuma (western Arizona, southern California), Havasupai (lower Colorado River)
      • Wappo
        Ashochimi (California)
      • Algonquian
        Yurok (north California coast), Blackfoot (Alberta and Montana), Cree (Canada), Timagami Ojibway (Canada), Chippewa (Ontario, Minnesota, Wisconsin), Ottawa, Menomini (Wisconsin-Michigan border), Cheyenne (Minnesota), Yellowstone, Montagnais (northern Gulf of St. Lawrence), Micmac (eastern Maritime Canada), Algonquin (upper Ottowa River), Lenape (Delaware) (Delaware to New York)
      • Iroquoian
        Cherokee (Great Lakes area; eastern Tennessee)
      • Siouan
        Mandan (North Dakota), Lakota
      • Muscogean
        Choctaw (Mississippi), Natchez (Lower Mississippi)
      • Chitimacha
        Chitimacha (Southern Louisiana)
      • Caddoan
        Caddo (Oklahoma, Arkansas), Pawnee (Nebraska)
      • NaDene (southern)
        Navajo (Four Corners area), Jicarilla Apache (northeastern New Mexico)
      • Keresan
        Sia (northeast Arizona)
      • Uto-Aztecan
        Acagchemem (near San Juan Capistrano, California), Luiseño (Southern California), Pima (southwest Arizona), Papago (Arizona), Hopi (northeast Arizona), Zuni? (New Mexico)
  • Central America
    • Tarascan
      Tarascan (northern Michoacan, Mexico), Michoacan (Mexico)
    • American Indian
      • Uto-Aztecan
        Yaqui (Sonoran, Northern Mexico), Tarahumara (Northern Mexico), Huichol (western Mexico), Cora (east of the Huichols), Tepecano (southeast of the Huichols), Tepehua (eastern Mexico), Toltec (Mexico), Nahua (central Mexico), Tlaxcalan (central Mexico)
      • Oto-Manquean
        Tlapanec (south central Mexico), Mixtec (northern Oaxaca, Mexico), Zapotec (Oaxaca, southern Mexico), Trique (Oaxaca, southern Mexico)
      • Totonacan
        Totonac (eastern Mexico)
      • Mayan
        Chol (southern Mexico), Tzeltal (Chiapas, southern Mexico), Quiché (Guatemala), Maya (southern Mexico and Guatemala)
      • Mixe-Zoquean
        Popoluca (Veracruz, Mexico)
      • Macro-Chibchan
        Nicaragua?, Panama
      • Kariban
        Carib (Antilles)
  • South America
    • South American Indian
      • Kariban
        Acawai (Orinoco), Arekuna (Guyana), Makiritare (Venezuela), Macusi (British Guyana)
      • Macro-Chibchan
        Muysca (Colombia), Yaruro (southern Venezuela)
      • Yanomami
        Yanomamö (southern Venezuela)
      • Arawakan
        Tamanaque (Orinoco), Arawak (Guyana), Pamary, Abedery, and Kataushy (Purus R., Brazil), Ipurina (Upper Amazon)
      • Jebero-Jivaroan
        Jivaro (eastern Ecuador), Shuar (Andes)
      • Murato
        Murato (eastern Ecuador)
      • Puruha-Canari
        Cañari (Quito, Ecuador)
      • Chiquito
        Guanca and Chiquito (Peru)
      • Quechumaran
        Ancasmarca (near Cuzco, Peru), Canelos Quechua, Quechua, Inca (Peru), Colla (high Andes)
      • Tupian
        Chiriguano (southeast Bolivia)
      • Mataco-Macca
        Chorote (Eastern Paraguay)
      • Macro-Ge
        Eastern Brazil (Rio de Janiero region), Eastern Brazil (Cape Frio region), Caraya (Araguaia River, central Brazil), Coroado (south Brazil)
      • Araucanian
        Araucania (coastal Chile)
      • Guaycuru-Charruan
        Toba (northern Argentina)
      • Pano-Takanan
        Selk'nam (southern tip of Argentina)
      • Yamana
        Yamana (Tierra del Fuego)

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